23 March 2024: Clinical Research
Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Study in Lithuania (2018–2021)
Greta Rynkevič 1BCDEF* , Emilijus Žilinskas 1BCDEF , Dovilė Streckytė 1ADEF , Daiva Radzišauskienė 2AE , Rūta Mameniškienė 3ADEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942904
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942904
Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases based on etiological factor.
| Characteristic | L. monocyto-genes (n=17) | N. meningi-tidis (n=16) | S. pneumoniae (n=16) | S. aureus (n=5) | H. influenzae (n=2) | G+ cocci (n=1) | Unknown origin (n=29) | Total (n=86) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, min–max) | 70 (40–83) | 43 (18–74) | 61 (34–77) | 67 (51–79) | 57 (34–81) | 68 | 58 (18–78) | 58 (18–83) | 0.026 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 12 (70.6) | 10 (62.5) | 10 (62.5) | 3 (60) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 18 (62.1) | 54 (62.8) | 0.891 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (25) | 2 (40) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 3 (10.3) | 14 (16.3) | 0.156 |
| Hypertention, n (%) | 11 (64.7) | 2 (12.5) | 10 (62.5) | 3 (60) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) | 12 (41.4) | 40 (46.5) | 0.040 |
| Headache, n (%) | 10 (58.8) | 14 (87.5) | 9 (56.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 21 (72.4) | 57 (66.3) | 0.013 |
| Fever ≥38.5°C, n (%) | 11 (64.7) | 8 (50) | 8 (50) | 3 (60) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) | 17 (58.6) | 49 (57.0) | 0.929 |
| Nausea/vomiting, n (%) | 5 (29.4) | 8 (50) | 5 (31.2) | 1 (20) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 8 (27.6) | 30 (34.9) | 0.192 |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 7 (41.2) | 13 (81.2) | 4 (25) | 3 (60) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) | 17 (58.6) | 46 (53.5) | 0.052 |
| Vertigo, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | 3 (18.8) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 (17.2) | 16 (18.6) | 0.118 |
| Confusion/sleepiness, n (%) | 11 (64.7) | 4 (25) | 12 (75) | 3 (60) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) | 13 (44.8) | 45 (52.3) | 0.094 |
| Seizures, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (6.2) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (10.3) | 10 (11.6) | 0.817 |
| Limb paresis, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (6.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.7) | 0.318 |
| Meningeal signs* | 12 (70.6) | 15 (93.8) | 8 (53.3) | 3 (75) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 21 (72.4) | 62 (73.8) | 0.258 |
| n – number of patients; * neck stiffness and/or positive Kernig’s sign. | |||||||||