09 February 2023>: Clinical Research
Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in 729 Medical Students in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
David Nugraha 12ABCDEF , Sovia Salamah 34ACEF* , Kevin Luke 12BE , Zefo Kiyosi Wibowo 12BCEF , Andro Pramana Witarto 12BE , Caesariska Deswima 12BE , Nabila Ananda Kloping 12BE , Bendix Samarta Witarto 12BE , Adila Taufik Syamlan 5AE , Abyan Irzaldy 6AE , Maftuchah Rochmanti 7DF , Dewi Ratna Sari 8DF , Sakina Sakina 8DF , Firas Farisi Alkaff 47ADEF*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938892
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938892
Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for mental health problems.
Variables | DASS-21 N=718 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | Anxiety | Stress | ||||
AOR (95%CI) | p value | AOR (95%CI) | p value | AOR (95%CI) | p value | |
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Female | 1.75 (1.21–2.54) | 1.58 (1.10–2.26) | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Yes | 0.65 (0.44–0.96) | |||||
Full online | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Hybrid | 0.67 (0.48–0.94) | 0.022 | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.033 | ||
Full offline | 0.80 (0.19–3.39) | 0.763 | 0.41 (0.11–1.57) | 0.191 | ||
0.65 (0.37–1.14) | 0.133 | |||||
3–3.5/4 | Ref. | |||||
>3.5/4 | 0.43 (0.24–0.76) | |||||
Never infected | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Asymptomatic-mild | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | 0.372 | ||||
Moderate-severe | 5.87 (1.33–25.88) | |||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 1.72 (1.15–2.57) | 2.06 (1.29–3.29) | 1.60 (1.03–2.47) | |||
Never infected | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Self-isolation | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | |||||
Hospital | 1.26 (0.81–1.98) | 0.308 | ||||
95% CI – 95% confidence interval; AOR – adjusted odds ratio; COVID-19 – coronavirus disease 2019; DASS-21 – 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. |