09 September 2022: Clinical Research
Use of Mobile Apps and Wearables to Monitor Diet, Weight, and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adults in Poland
Adam Żarnowski 1ABCDEF* , Mateusz Jankowski 2ACE , Mariusz Gujski 1ADEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.937948
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937948
Table 3 Factors associated with the use of mobile apps to control diet, weight, and physical activity (n=1070).
| Factors associated with the use of mobile apps to control diet, weight, and physical activity | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mobile application to monitor physical activity level | Mobile application to control the diet | ||||||
| Simple logistic regression | Multivariable logistic regression | Simple logistic regression | Multivariable logistic regression | |||||
| p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | |
| Female | 0.7 | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 0.1 | 1.32 (0.92–1.89) | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 18–29 | 4.20 (2.47–7.13) | 3.77 (1.84–7.75) | 8.85 (4.28–18.33) | 7.73 (2.96–20.17) | ||||
| 30–39 | 2.88 (1.65–5.01) | 2.57 (1.26–5.24) | 5.73 (2.70–12.17) | 4.70 (1.81–12.17) | ||||
| 40–49 | 0.2 | 1.49 (0.79–2.79) | 0.4 | 1.41 (0.66–3.00) | 3.84 (1.73–8.52) | 3.83 (1.46–9.99) | ||
| 50–59 | 0.5 | 1.27 (0.67–2.42) | 0.6 | 1.23 (0.59–2.57) | 1.95 (0.82–4.66) | 2.09 (0.81–5.43) | ||
| 60+ | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Primary | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Vocational | 0.8 | 1.15 (0.39–3.46) | 0.8 | 1.26 (0.26–6.10) | ||||
| Secondary | 0.8 | 0.89 (0.30–2.69) | 0.5 | 1.71 (0.40–7.46) | ||||
| Higher | 0.4 | 0.57 (0.17–1.98) | 0.4 | 1.79 (0.41–7.80) | ||||
| Single | 0.1 | 1.67 (0.91–3.05) | 0.6 | 0.79 (0.36–1.72) | 3.41 (1.48–7.88) | 0.8 | 1.12 (0.41–3.05) | |
| Married | 0.9 | 0.96 (0.55–1.70) | 0.2 | 0.66 (0.35–1.26) | 2.26 (1.01–5.07) | 0.4 | 1.50 (0.62–3.65) | |
| Informal relationship | 1.93 (1.04–3.59) | 0.5 | 0.79 (0.37–1.68) | 4.16 (1.78–9.73) | 0.5 | 1.41 (0.53–3.74) | ||
| Divorced/widowed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| No | 1.77 (1.28–2.46) | 0.8 | 1.07 (0.64–1.77) | 1.95 (1.36–2.78) | 0.1 | 1.69 (0.87–3.30) | ||
| Living alone | 0.9 | 1.01 (0.63–1.61) | 0.7 | 0.90 (0.53–1.53) | ||||
| Living with at least one person | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 0.8 | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) | 1.45 (1.01–2.07) | 0.4 | 1.25 (0.71–2.19) | |||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Rural | Reference | Reference | 0.8 | 0.93 (0.53–1.64) | ||||
| City below 20,000 residents | 0.8 | 0.91 (0.50–1.67) | 0.6 | 0.84 (0.44–1.60) | 0.6 | 0.81 (0.40–1.65) | ||
| City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents | 1.72 (1.10–2.69) | 1.92 (1.17–3.16) | 0.7 | 1.14 (0.63–2.06) | ||||
| City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents | 0.2 | 1.37 (0.85–2.21) | 0.3 | 1.33 (0.78–2.27) | 0.9 | 1.04 (0.56–1.92) | ||
| City above 500,000 residents | 1.85 (1.12–3.05) | 2.14 (1.22–3.74) | Reference | |||||
| Active | 1.85 (1.29–2.66) | 0.3 | 1.25 (0.79–1.98) | 1.71 (1.16–2.53) | 0.8 | 0.94 (0.58–1.53) | ||
| Passive | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Rather good, good or very good | 0.2 | 1.31 (0.85–2.03) | 0.3 | 1.31 (0.82–2.09) | ||||
| Moderate/difficult to tell | 0.7 | 0.92 (0.59–1.45) | 0.6 | 0.87 (0.53–1.42) | ||||
| Rather bad, bad or very good | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Presence of chronic diseases | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.007 | Reference | 0.2 | Reference | 0.2 | 0.80 (0.56–1.14) | ||
| No | 1.59 (1.13–2.22) | 1.32 (0.88–1.98) | Reference | |||||
| Rather good, good or very good | 0.3 | 1.40 (0.77–2.53) | 0.6 | 1.21 (0.64–2.28) | ||||
| Moderate/difficult to tell | 0.4 | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) | 0.4 | 0.77 (0.40–1.47) | ||||
| Rather bad, bad or very good | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 1.93 (1.38–2.70) | 1.54 (1.04–2.28) | 2.93 (2.04–4.21) | 2.71 (1.77–4.14) | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 2.30 (1.60–3.31) | 1.76 (1.16–2.67) | 2.87 (1.89–4.36) | 2.19 (1.36–3.53) | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Everyday | 9.36 (3.86–22.70) | 5.58 (2.22–14.04) | 4.12 (1.89–9.98) | 0.2 | 1.78 (0.76–4.19) | |||
| 3–4 Times per week | 10.54 (4.39–25.30) | 5.53 (2.21–13.86) | 4.95 (2.32–10.58) | 0.1 | 1.97 (0.85–4.55) | |||
| 1–2 Times per week | 7.07 (2.93–17.09) | 3.31 (1.31–8.36) | 3.30 (1.53–7.14) | 0.5 | 1.31 (0.56–3.07) | |||
| 2–3 Times per month | 5.31 (1.97–14.28) | 2.97 (1.06–8.35) | 5.02 (2.18–11.59) | 0.06 | 2.40 (0.97–5.95) | |||
| Once per month | 7.28 (2.38–22.26) | 5.34 (1.66–17.23) | 0.08 | 2.75 (0.87–8.66) | 0.5 | 1.54 (0.45–5.30) | ||
| Less than once per month | 4.58 (1.77–11.87) | 3.65 (1.38–9.70) | 0.1 | 2.09 (0.87–5.03) | 0.4 | 1.57 (0.62–3.99) | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Daily smoker | 0.4 | 0.85 (0.57–1.27) | 0.5 | 1.14 (0.75–1.73) | 0.06 | 1.60 (0.99–2.60) | ||
| Occassional smoker | 0.1 | 1.57 (0.92–2.68) | 1.90 (1.08–3.34) | 0.5 | 1.28 (0.65–2.53) | |||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Everyday | 0.1 | 2.25 (0.86–5.86) | 0.1 | 2.14 (0.76–6.02) | 3.24 (1.29–8.15) | 0.06 | 2.81 (0.99–7.97) | |
| 3–4 Times per week | 2.69 (1.25–5.76) | 0.05 | 2.32 (1.00–5.39) | 2.60 (1.17–5.75) | 0.09 | 2.17 (0.89–5.30) | ||
| 1–2 Times per week | 3.10 (1.59–6.05) | 2.46 (1.19–5.11) | 0.07 | 1.94 (0.94–4.00) | 0.5 | 1.34 (0.60–2.98) | ||
| 2–3 Times per month | 3.10 (1.59–6.05) | 2.34 (1.10–4.97) | 2.66 (1.29–5.48) | 2.52 (1.14–5.58) | ||||
| Once per month | 0.1 | 1.93 (0.88–4.26) | 0.2 | 1.83 (0.78–4.26) | 0.1 | 1.97 (0.87–4.47) | 0.3 | 1.68 (0.68–4.11) |
| Less than once per month | 2.43 (1.22–4.84) | 2.26 (1.08–4.72) | 0.09 | 1.91 (0.92–3.97) | 0.1 | 1.96 (0.88–4.34) | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 3.34 (2.20–5.07) | 0.05 | 1.60 (0.99–2.58) | 3.77 (2.44–5.83) | 1.94 (1.16–3.23) | |||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 2.79 (1.82–4.30) | 1.70 (1.04–2.76) | 3.60 (2.31–5.60) | 2.29 (1.36–3.87) | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||