16 September 2022>: Review Articles
Mechanisms of Myocardial Damage Due to Hyperlipidemia: A Review of Recent Studies
Zhiqi Zhang 1EF , Hongyi Wu 1F , Tao Wang 2A , Yao Liu 3F , Chun Meng 2AG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937051
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937051
Figure 2 Pathway diagram of myocardial endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria damage caused by hyperlipidemia. FFA – free fatty acid; ROS – reactive oxygen species; JNK – c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ATP – adenosine triphosphate; ER – endoplasmic reticulum; DRP1 – dynamin-related protein 1; AC – acetyl group; Bip – binding immunoglobulin protein; P – phosphoryl group; oxLDL – oxidized low density lipoprotein; PERK – double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase; eIF2 – eukaryotic initation factor 2; IRE1 – inositol-requiring enzyme 1; Bcl-2 – B-cell lymphoma-2; CHOP – the C/EBP homologous protein; PPARs – peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors; NF-κB – nuclear factor-κB.